C vs C++: A Beginner’s Guide to Syntax and Similarities
If you have already started learning C, moving to C++ will feel familiar but it also opens up many more features. C++ was built on top of C, so many parts are the same. But C++ adds extra tools, especially for object-oriented programming.
In this blog, we’ll go over all the basic syntax of C++ and compare it with C. This is perfect for new learners who want to understand how C and C++ are similar and different.
Header Files
In C:
In C++
In C, we use stdio.h for input/output.
In C++, we use iostream This is one of the first changes you’ll notice.
Input and Output
C style (printf, scanf):
C++ style (cin, cout):
C++ uses cin and cout, which are easier to read and write. No need for format specifiers like %d or %f.
Main Function
Both C and C++:
No major difference here. But in C++, you can use function overloading, which isn’t possible in C.
Variables and Data Types
Same in both languages:
In both languages, you declare variables with a type. But in C++, you can also use bool and string directly.
C++ adds:
To use string in C++, you need to include:
Conditionals and Loops
These are almost the same in C and C++:
Syntax for if, while, for, and switch is almost identical.
Functions
In both languages:
But in C++, you can overload a function:
Also, C++ supports default arguments:
Pointers and Memory
In C:
C++:
Both support pointers, but the new/delete syntax in C++ is cleaner than malloc/free.
Structures and Classes
C uses struct:
C++ uses class:
This is where C++ gets powerful it supports object-oriented programming (OOP) using classes, inheritance, and encapsulation.
Standard Template Library (STL) C++ Only
C++ comes with built-in tools like vectors, maps, stacks, and algorithms.
There’s nothing like this in C by default. You’d have to build it manually.
Namespaces
C++ supports namespaces to avoid name conflicts.
This lets you use cout, cin, and string directly, without writing std:: every time. C doesn’t have namespaces.
If you’re just starting, learn the basics of both. Practice writing small programs in C++, and you’ll begin to notice how it makes your code more flexible and readable. Happy Coding!